Friends, this video includes Complete Analysis on New Syllabus of NTA UGC NET in English Literature
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Quiz 2 Modern Age English Literature MCQ Test
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Monday 18 May 2020
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Wednesday 19 February 2020
Tuesday 18 February 2020
Education and Philosophy: Their Relationship
Relationship
between Education and Philosophy
“Education without Philosophy is blind and Philosophy
without Education is invalid.”
— Education
is an application of philosophy. It is
the application of philosophy to study the problems of education.
— According
to Dewey, “Philosophy may be defined as the theory of education in its most
general phase.”
— According
to Ross, “Philosophy and education are like two sides of a coin, presenting
different views of the same thing.”
— Philosophy
answers all the ultimate questions of education.
— Education
and philosophy are two sides of the same coin. Actually, Education is the
dynamic side of philosophy.
— The
basic relationship between philosophy and education can be analyzed as follows.
It is philosophy, that provides the purpose or the aim and it is education
which makes it practical.
— Philosophy
shows the way and education moves on in that direction. When we define
education as the modification or behaviour, the direction in which,
modification to be carried out is determined by philosophy.
— Philosophy
deals with the end and education with the means. In fact, we can observe that
the great philosophers of all times have been also great educators. For
example, Socretes and Plato, the great philosophers, were also famous
educators.
— Education
is a laboratory where philosophic theories and speculations are tested and made
concrete. Education may, therefore, be rightly called applied philosophy.
— Philosophy
is wisdom; education transmits that wisdom from one generation to the other.
— Philosophy
is in reality the theory of education. In other words, education is the dynamic
side of philosophy, or application of the fundamental principles of philosophy.
— Philosophy
formulates the method, education its process. Philosophy gives ideals, values
and principles, those ideals, values and principles.
Monday 17 February 2020
Branches of Philosophy
Branches of Philosophy
1. Metaphysics
2. Epistemology
3. Ethics
4. Aesthetics
Metaphysics
v The word Metaphysics comes
from Aristotle
v Greek word – Meta = beyond or after
v Study of Existence of human being
v It answers the question = What is?
v Encompasses everything existing
v Whether the world is real or an illusion
v Concerned with answering the questions about
identity and the world
v Ontology as a part of Metaphysics. It studies
concepts directly related to being, e.g. four elements – Earth, Air,
Water and Fire
v Ideas of Metaphysics
v Reality is absolute
v The world around us is real
v Understanding reality is the main aim of
human
v Everything which is physical has a specific
nature
v Metaphysical Questions:
v What is the origin of the universe?
v What are the ultimate material components of
the universe?
v What is its first cause?
v What is the ultimate reason for the existence
of the universe?
v Does it have a purpose?
v How is existence possible?
v What is space? What is time?
Epistemology
v An Explanation of How we think
v Philosophers called it the original
philosophy
v Study of Knowledge - How to acquire knowledge
v Deals with production of knowledge as well as
Skepticism
v Which are the means of knowledge/information
v It includes concepts, logical reasoning,
thoughts, ideas, memories, emotions and all mental things.
v It is concerned with how our mind is related
to reality and whether this relationship is valid or invalid.
v Without Epistemology, we cannot think. By
determining a proper method of evaluation we determine the truth from false
v Our senses are valid and it is the only way
to gain information about the world. Reason is our only method of gaining
knowledge and acquiring understanding
v Logic is our method of maintaining
consistency within our set of knowledge.
v Objectivity is our means of associating
knowledge with reality to determine its validity.
v Questions in Epistemology: What is
knowledge? How is knowledge acquired? What do people know? What is the
structure of knowledge and what are its limits?
Ethics
v Greed word : ethikos means character
(moral nature)
v Study of Right and Wrong; good and evil;
virtue and vice; justice and crime – What I do?
v It deals with what is the proper course of
action for man
v Ethics is a requirement for human life. It is
our means of deciding a course of action. Without it, our actions would be
random and aimless.
v Questions: Is an action moral or
immoral? What are human rights and how do we determine them? How should people
act? What do people think is right? How do we take moral knowledge and put it
into practice?
Aesthetics
v Greek word – aisthetikos = a
sense of perception
v Study of Art. It includes what art consists
of, as well as the purpose behind it.
v It deals with the nature and appreciation
of Art, Beauty and Good Taste.
v In very general terms, it examines what makes
something beautiful, sublime, disgusting, fun, cute, silly, entertaining, pretentious, discordant, harmonious, boring, humorous or tragic.
v Questions: What is a work of art?
What makes a work of art successful? Why do we find certain things
beautiful?
Sunday 9 February 2020
Tuesday 21 January 2020
Sunday 19 January 2020
Saturday 4 January 2020
Concept and Nature of Education
PE-4 : Knowledge and Curriculum - I
Unit 1 : CONCEPT OF EDUCATION
Terminology
of the word ‘Education’
— Derived
from Latin words –
‘Educatum’ = act
of teaching or training
‘Educatus’ = to bring up,
rear or educate
‘Educare’ =
to bring out or to nourish
‘Educere’
= to lead out or draw out
Definitions
of Education
— “By
education I mean all-round drawing out of the best in child and man - body,
mind and spirit.” - Gandhiji
— “Helping
the individual to flower greatly in love and goodness.” – Krishnamurti
— “Helping
the growing soul to draw out that is in itself.” - Aurobindo
— “Formation
of character.” – Dayananda
— “Manifestation
of the perfection already in man.” -
Vivekananda
— “Education
enables the mind to find out the ultimate truth, which gives us the wealth of
inner light and love and gives significance to life.” - Tagore
— “Education
is the process of the individual mind, getting to its full possible
development.” - Dr Zakir Husain
— “Education
is the process of living through a continuous reconstruction of experiences.” -
John Dewey
Concept
of Education in points
“Education is a process that goes
on throughout life, and is promoted by almost every experience in life.” - J.S. Mackenzie
— It
is a systematic process through which we acquire knowledge,
experience, skill and attitude.
— It
makes an individual civilized, refined, cultured and educated.
— It
is aimed at making a person a perfect one.
— It
is the key to solve various problems of life.
— It
includes harmonious development of human potentialities.
— Harmonious
development includes the physical, mental, moral and social development
of human being.
— Education
is one of the sub-systems of a society.
— It
is expected to help us to cope up with the problems and issues of life.
Nature
of Education
— Education
is a life-long process
Education is a
continuous and lifelong process. It starts from the womb of the mother and
continues till death. It is the process of development from infancy to
maturity. It includes the effect of everything which influences human personality.
— Education
is a systematic process
It refers to transact its activities through a
systematic institution and regulation.
— Education
is a bipolar process
According to
Adams, education is a bipolar process in which one personality acts on another
to modify the development of other person. The process is not only conscious
but deliberate.
— Education
is a three dimensional process
John Dewey
introduced the third element as the subject matter or curriculum, the source of
which is society. It is the society which will determine the aims, contents and
methods of teachings. In this way the process of education consists of 3 poles
– the teacher, the child and the society
— Education
is a dynamic process
Education is not
a static but a dynamic process which develops the child according to changing
situations and times. It always induces the individual towards progress. It
reconstructs the society according to the changing needs of the time and place
of the society.
— Education
is development of individual and the society
It is called a force for social
development, which brings improvement in every aspect in the society. It is
education that brings positive changes in the people of any society.
— Education
is modification of behaviour
Human behaviour
is modified and improved through educational process. The expected changes can
only be done through certain educational process.
— Education
is purposive
Every individual
has one goal in his life. Education contributes in attainment of that goal.
There is a definite purpose underlined all educational activities.
— Education
is a training
Human senses,
mind, behaviour, activities and skills are trained in a constructive and
socially desirable way.
— Education
is instruction and direction
It directs and
instructs an individual to fulfill his desires and needs for exaltation of his
whole personality.
— Education
is continuous reconstruction of our experiences
As per the
definition of John Dewey, education reconstructs and remodels our experiences
through a socially desirable way.
— Education
is a process of self-realization
It implies the
development of individuality in the child. Education means leading out the
inborn powers and potentialities and enabling the child to become what he is
capable of becoming. Only through this, he or she can make an original contribution
to human life according to his best capacity.
— Education
is a psychological and sociological process
It is important
to understand the nature, interests, capacities and limitations of the child.
The sociological aspect implies that the educator must also interpret the
endowments of the child in a social setting.
References
Chaube, S. P. & Chaube, Akhilesh, (2007-08). Philosophical and Sociological Foundations of Education. Agrawal publications, Agra-7
https://youtu.be/sv5hK4crIRc
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